These sources cast light on the nobility’s key military role in southern Galicia and the political consequences derived from these nobles’ loyalty or infidelity. The role played by the local nobility in the creation and military defense of this border can be analysed throughout chronicles and diplomas. The control over this area relied, to a great extent, on the success of the kings of Leon and Portugal in assuring the local nobles’ loyalty and service.
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Kings, Nobles, and Frontier: Violence and Kinship around the Galician-Portuguese border (12th-13th centuries Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Inés Calderón Medina Full Text Available The birth of the frontier between Galicia and Portugal was an arduous process.
The three powers together, in constant clashes, define the structure and dynamic of this new town, a town on which the crown exerts a certain kind of power balance, influencing it in one direction or the other with concessions and grants. This council then joins with two other local powers, the Benedictine monastery of San Vicente del Pino and the secular nobility of Lemos County, the most important noble family in the Late Middle Ages in Galicia. At the same time, Lemos also welcomes a new kind of authority, the council of Monforte. This new urban space sees a land that is markedly rural and agrarian meet a new morphological, economic and social reality. The High Middle Ages represent a particularly important time during this period, bearing witness to the foundation of the burg of Pino and then the town of Monforte, the new headquarter of the area. In this evolution the land of Lemos has adapted to different realities and historic moments. From the burgh of Pino to the town of Monforte in the land of Lemos (12th-13th centuries Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Luis Manuel Ibáñez Beltrán Full Text Available The land of Lemos, in the south of the province of Lugo, has undergone a long process of evolution, from the pre-Roman culture of Lemavos to today’s world. Originally it was based on an Iowa DNR point file marking cemetery locations as found on 7.5 min. Iowa Historic Cemeteries (United States) Iowa State University GIS Support and Research Facility — This shape file represents Iowa Historic Cemeteries. As the next stage of my investigation I studied different occurrence contexts of cross pendants in cemeteries and burials: the location of burials with 2. This observation could confirm that cross pendants from 12th–13th century inhumation burials were communally recognized and some of them were locally manufactured. In addition, I would like to draw attention that cross-pendants from inhumation burials do not contain many widespread forms, such as ‘Scandinavian’ and some other widespread Russian origin types, which have been found in hoards, from hill-forts and cremation burials. Of local origin are probably lead pendants from Pada cemetery, heads of decorative pins worn as cross-shaped pendants from Viru-Nigula and Kaberla cemeteries, and obvious scrap and unfinished pendant crosses. From the total of 48 analyzed cross-pendants one fourth could be interpreted as locally produced items. In most cases the pendants were either used as a part of jewellery or worn singularly around the neck area. As artefacts, the cross pendants are more or less stylized Greek crosses. The analyzed cross-pendants were found at Pada, Kaberla, Kukruse, Haimre and Tammiku cemeteries and from the early burials in Viru-Nigula churchyard. Only those provide us with an archaeological context which shows precisely who could have worn them and how. In this paper I study pendants found in the inhumation cemeteries of Estonia. Due to the ambiguous entity of cross and time context, cross-pendants have been interpreted either as symbols of Christian faith, as pieces of adornment not affiliated with Christianity, or as objects with magical qualities. The number of such pendants increases noticeably at the very end of the Iron Age. The beginning of the distribution of cross-shaped pendants dates back to 11th century when the artefacts, though scarce, appear. sajandi laibakalmistutes: kas ehted või usu tunnused? / The cross-shaped pendants of inhumation burials in 12th-13th century Estonia: adornments or signs of belief? Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Tuuli Kurisoo Full Text Available Cross-shaped pendants are one of the most discussed symbolically laden artefacts among Estonian archaeological material. Toggle navigation Topics by Home About News Advanced Search Contact Us Site Map Help Sample records for pada cemetery 12th-13th « 1 2 3 4 5 » 1.
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